Everything about Shalmaneser Iii totally explained
Shalmaneser III (
Šulmānu-ašarēdu, "the god
Shulmanu is pre-eminent") was king of
Assyria (
859 BC-
824 BC), and son of the previous ruler,
Ashurnasirpal II(External Link
).
His long reign was a constant series of campaigns against the eastern tribes, the
Babylonians, the nations of
Mesopotamia and
Syria, as well as
Kizzuwadna and
Urartu. His armies penetrated to
Lake Van and the
Taurus Mountains; the
Hittites of
Carchemish were compelled to pay tribute, and the kingdoms of
Hamath and
Aram Damascus were subdued.
In
853 BC a coalition which was formed by the kingdoms of
Egypt, Hamath,
Arvad, the
Ammonites, "
Ahab of
Israel" and other neighboring states, under the leadership of king
Hadadezer of
Damascus, inflicted a temporary defeat upon the Assyrian king at
Battle of Qarqar. However, the Assyrian king perservered in his attempts to subjugate Israel and Syria. Other battles soon followed in
849 BC and
846 BC.
In
842 BC, Shalmaneser campaigned against Hadadezer's successor
Hazael, forcing him to take refuge within the walls of his capital. While Shalmaneser was unable to capture Damascus, he devastated its territory, and
Jehu of Israel (whose ambassadors are represented on the
Black Obelisk now in the
British Museum), together with the
Phoenician cities, prudently sent tribute to him in
841 BC.
Babylonia had already been conquered as far as the marshes of the
Chaldaeans in the south, and the Babylonian king put to death.
In
836 BC, Shalmaneser sent an expedition against the Tibareni (
Tabal) which was followed by one against
Cappadocia, and in
832 BC came another campaign against
Urartu. In the following year, age required the king to hand over the command of his armies to the
Tartan (
turtānu commander-in-chief)
Dayyan-Assur, and six years later,
Nineveh and other cities revolted against him under his rebel son
Assur-danin-pal.
Civil war continued for two years; but the rebellion was at last crushed by
Shamshi-Adad V, another son of Shalmaneser. Shalmaneser died soon afterwards. He had built a palace at
Calah, and left several editions of the royal
annals recording his military campaigns, the last of which is engraved on the
Black Obelisk from Calah.
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